Difficulty Index, also known as P-value or Item Difficulty, is a statistical measure used in educational assessment to determine how difficult a particular test question or item is for a group of learners. It is calculated as the proportion of learners who answered the question correctly out of the total number of learners who attempted the question. The Difficulty Index is expressed as a decimal value between 0 and 1, where:

• A value close to 1 indicates that the question is easy (most learners answered correctly).
• A value close to 0 indicates that the question is difficult (few learners answered correctly).

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